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Sook Ching : ウィキペディア英語版
Sook Ching

The Sook Ching (, meaning "purge through cleansing") was a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Singapore and Malaya, after the British colony surrendered on 15 February 1942 following the Battle of Singapore. The Sook Ching operation, which was overseen by the Kempeitai, was later extended to include the Chinese in Malaya as well. The massacre took place from 18 February to 4 March 1942 at various places in the region.
The ''Sook Ching'' was referred to as the ''Kakyōshukusei'' (), "purging of Chinese" by the Japanese. The Japanese also referred to it as the ''Shingapōru Daikenshō'' (), literally "great inspection of Singapore". Singapore's National Heritage Board uses the term "Sook Ching" in its publications.〔(Memories At Old Ford Factory – National Archives of Singapore, National Heritage Board )〕〔(Sook Ching Centre )〕
The memories of those who lived through that period have been captured at exhibition galleries in the Old Ford Motor Factory at Bukit Timah, the site of the former factory where the British surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942.〔(Access to Archives Online – Our Recent Publications )〕
The current Japanese term for the massacre is ''Shingapōru Kakyōgyakusatsujiken'' (), literally "(the) Singapore Chinese massacre".
There is no dispute in scholarly circles that the massacre took place, but Japanese and Singaporean sources disagree about the number of deaths. According to Hirofumi Hayashi (see next section), the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs "accepted that the Japanese military had carried out mass killings in Singapore ... During negotiations with Singapore, the Japanese government rejected demands for reparations but agreed to make a "gesture of atonement" by providing funds in other ways."
==Planning of the massacre==
Hirofumi Hayashi, a professor of politics at the Kanto Gakuin University and the Co-Director of the Center for Research and Documentation on Japan's War Responsibility, writes that the massacre was premeditated, and that "the Chinese in Singapore were regarded as anti-Japanese even before the Japanese military landed." It is also clear from the passage below that the massacre was to be extended to the Chinese in Malaya as well.

The purge was planned before Japanese troops landed in Singapore. The military government section of the 25th Army had already drawn up a plan entitled "Implementation Guideline for Manipulating Overseas Chinese" on or around 28 December 1941.() This guideline stated that anyone who failed to obey or co-operate with the occupation authorities should be eliminated. It is clear that the headquarters of the 25th Army had decided on a harsh policy toward the Chinese population of Singapore and Malaya from the beginning of the war. According to Onishi Satoru,() the Kempeitai officer in charge of the Jalan Besar screening centre, Kempeitai commander Oishi Masayuki was instructed by the chief of staff, Suzuki Sosaku, at Keluang, Johor, to prepare for a purge following the capture of Singapore. Although the exact date of this instruction is not known, the Army headquarters was stationed in Keluang from 28 January to 4 February 1942...
Clearly, then, the Singapore Massacre was not the conduct of a few evil people, but was consistent with approaches honed and applied in the course of a long period of Japanese aggression against China and subsequently applied to other Asian countries. To sum up the points developed above, the Japanese military, in particular the 25th Army, made use of the purge to remove prospective anti-Japanese elements and to threaten local Chinese and others to swiftly impose military administration.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Battle of Singapore, the Massacre of Chinese and Understanding of the Issue in Postwar Japan )


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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